The Complete History of Social Networking -- CBBS to Twitter
Posted 12/14/2009 at 4:05pm
| by Michael Simon

MySpace invaders
A few months before the Google offer, a small group of L.A.-based eUniverse employees (and Friendster members) trained their sights on knocking the social network site off its lofty perch. Using the full lot of their company's resources--including all 250 colleagues, who were tasked with joining and signing up at least 10 buddies--MySpace hit the ground running and never really slowed down.
Armed with deep pockets and a vast database, co-founders Chris DeWolf and Tom Anderson utilized eUniverses marketing savvy to quickly set itself apart from Friendster. By giving users total control over content and peddling their site as a true virtual self-expression, musicians, celebrities, movies, TV shows, start-ups, presidential candidates and every adolescent with access to a computer soon flocked to MySpace to establish online identities.
While DeWolf reportedly toyed with the notion of a monthly MySpace subscription fee, the site's founders ultimately decided on an ad-generation system that attached semi-obtrusive banners to individual sites; a later platform, dubbed HyperTargeting, sharpened this model by routing advertisers to sites based on users specific interests. After it was sold to Rupert Murdochs News Corp. in July 2005--barely two years after its founding--MySpace aggressively expanded its role as a social networker with MySpaceIM (instant messaging), MySpaceTV (video sharing), MySpace Classified (personal ads) and MySpace Mobile in an attempt to keep pace with the new kid on the block who was making a lot of noise.

Face to Facebook
It all started with Harvard computer science major Mark Zuckerberg's juvenile concept.
In October 2003, an inebriated Zuckerberg hacked into some of his compatriots' "face books" and set up his own site, Facemash, to compare their less-pleasing attributes in a split-screen comparison. It lasted just a few days before school administrators shut it down, but the seed was planted.
The following semester Zuckerberg gathered three of his roommates--Chris Hughes, Dustin Moskovitz and Eduardo Saverin--and set to work on creating a universal face book for Harvard students. Wildly popular on campus, Zuckerberg quickly opened up thefacebook.com to other universities (Stanford, Columbia and Yale joined first in March) and by June, the whole operation had moved to California.
Not to be contained to higher education, Facebook (which dropped its "the" and capitalized the "F" in August 2005) expanded to add high school networks later in 2005 and opened its doors to the rest of the world in September 2006. With a healthy buzz already brewing, a cadre of MySpacers confined by their cluttered, ad-laden pages swiftly jumped ship, and by year's end some 12 million registered users were already intermingling.
Light on customization but just as heavy on content, Facebook's clean, uniform pages, instant status updates and orderly Wall of messages forever altered the landscape, and Zuckerberg's vision of a mature, sophisticated system of correspondence may have saved social networking from eventually succumbing to the next hip, young fad.
Members only
While Facebook and MySpace were dueling for supremacy, other sites eager for a piece of the expanding pie were left to fight over the scraps with an array of professional alliances, specialized clubs, cultural leagues and plain old copycats.
In 2004, Ezer Ratchaga launched his holistic personal networked called FriendCircles as a place to organize around hobbies, interests or career goals; and a few months later, Tagged.com opened a site targeted to teens. By 2005, webcam junkies had Stickam and news hounds were flocking to Buzznet to share Hurricane Katrina survival stories--everyone from nightclubbers to artists were given a social niche on the Web.
One notable exception to the field of wannabes was Bebo, a personalized blogging site launched in early 2005. An acronym for Blog Early, Blog Often, Bebo founder Michael Birch, found far greater enthusiasm for his site in his homeland of England than the United States. With an assertive overseas push (Bebo was originally based in San Francisco where his wife and Bebo co-founder, Xochi, grew up), Birch was able to hang with the big boys--and give the ubiquitous MySpace Music a run for its money--leading to an $850 million AOL buyout in March 2008.
Not one to sit on the sidelines, Google got in on the act, too. After its failed Friendster bid, the search-engine giant in 2004 unveiled Orkut (named after its creator, Orkut Bykkkten), an invitation-only social network that encouraged friends to create mini groups to share related videos, pics and ideas. Bogged down by MySpace and Facebook, the network lagged in the U.S. but caught fire in Brazil and India.
Scrappy, smaller sites such as Yelp and Ning carved out their own niches, and around the world, a bevy of social networks united users while dividing and conquering the Internet, including some fairly popular ones--Skyrock (France, Belgium, Switzerland); Multiply (Philippines); Mixi (Japan); Qzone (China); Badoo (2006) (Europe); Nasza-klasa (Poland); Odnoklassniki (Russia); VKontakte (Russia)--but there was still a missing piece needed to bring all the pieces together.
That connection came in the form of small blue bird named Twitter, an instant-message, micro-blogging system that tore down the unintentional barriers created by competing social networking sites. Founded in 2006, Twitter was only marginally successful until the 2007 South by Southwest festival in Austin, Texas, when usage exploded, tripling to some 60,000 Tweets a day and officially entering the mainstream. A brilliant network where friends were made effortlessly and without bias and a 140-character limit ensured dialogue moved swiftly along, Twitter gave a voice to all those faces out there.
Soon, users all around the world--regardless of their site of choice--were divulging their deepest thoughts, fears and desires in rapid exchanges to as few as one and as many as one million people at once. Finally, widgets added connectivity to MySpace, Facebook and virtually every other social-networking Web site, and tied everything--and everyone--together.
What started as a note system with a dozen or so users has evolved into a global phenomenon with hundreds of millions of users reaching nearly every corner in the world. From elaborate, graphics-intensive personal pages to brief, brisk bulletins, the explosion of social networking sites has succeeded in bringing people closer together as the restless masses stand on the mountaintop, waiting for the next revolution.
Where will it start? Who knows. But we'll probably read about it on Twitter first.