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Photoshop is everywhere. And while fundamentally it is the standard professional-quality image editor, it’s also a cultural touchstone with a reach that extends to advertising, fashion magazines, television, film, and the news. Lighter versions like Photoshop Elements, Photoshop.com, and even Photoshop Mobile on the iPhone have distilled its power for the masses, and sites like PhotoshopDisasters.blogspot.com chronicle painful misuses for everyone to point at and giggle about. “Photoshop” the verb was even added to Webster’s dictionary in 1992.
In such a Photoshop-saturated society, it’s easy to forget that the software hasn’t been around forever. Since February 2010 marks the 20th anniversary of Photoshop 1.0, now is the perfect time to revisit everything from Adobe’s systematic dismantling of its competition to the way the software was used to make Katie Couric “lose weight.”
We give you every single Photoshop release, plus the effects of Adobe's software on its competition and our culture.
Release: Thomas Knoll, a PhD student at the University of Michigan, creates a program called Display for his Mac Plus. It can display 256-shade grayscale images on a 1-bit black-and-white screen with dithering.
Release: Display is renamed Photoshop, and the Knoll brothers (Thomas and John, an effects expert at Industrial Light & Magic [ILM]) license the first version to Barneyscan, a slide-scanner manufacturer. Approximately 200 copies of version 0.87 ship bundled with the scanners.
Cultural: The first working version of Photoshop appears at Apple, and the era of Photoshop piracy begins as engineers pass it around amongst themselves and gape in awe.
Release: John Knoll demos Photoshop for Adobe's primary art director Russell Brown and founder John Warnock. Adobe signs a distribution deal with the Knoll brothers.
Release: Photoshop 1.0 ships. It requires an 8MHz processor and 2MB of RAM. The software fits on a single 3.5-inch floppy disk. Key features include color correction, image optimization for output, Curves, Levels, and the Clone tool.
Cultural: Photoshop is used extensively at ILM during postproduction work on The Abyss.
Cultural: ILM continues to use Photoshop to create digital composite shots for movies like The Rocketeer, Hook, and Terminator 2: Judgment Day.
Release: Photoshop 2.0 (code-named Fast Eddy) ships with CMYK support, Duotones, the Path tool, and rasterization of Illustrator files. But the HSB and HSL color modes in 1.0 are gone.
Cultural: John Knoll covertly releases a program to revert Adobe Photoshop's "eye" application icons back to the original "1HR Photo Shop" icon.
Release: Adobe releases an SDK for third-party plug-in development. Later in the year, Aldus (developer of PageMaker) releases the Gallery Effects plug-in package.
Release: Kai Krause releases Kai's Power Tools, a popular plug-in set for Photoshop featuring graphically rich (and often bewildering) visual interfaces.
Release: Photoshop 2.5 (code-named Merlin) ships with 16-bit image support, palettes, Quick Mask, Dodge and Burn tools, and the Variations visual color-correction tool. This is the first Photoshop version available on Windows as well as Mac.
Cultural: Time magazine runs a cover photo of O.J. Simpson that was photoshopped with very dark color correction, creating controversy over how African Americans are portrayed by the media.
Release: Photoshop 3.0 (code-named Tiger Mountain) introduces image layers, often considered the most important feature ever added to the program.
Release: Alien Skin Software delivers the first drop-shadow effect plugin for Photoshop.
Competition: Adobe acquires Aldus, keeping PageMaker on life support by burying Windows-only image editor PhotoStyler.
Competition: HSC Software introduces Live Picture, billed as a next-generation nondestructive image editor, for a whopping introductory price of $3,995.
Competition: HSC Software lowers Live Picture price to $995 in one fell swoop, angering early adopters who paid full price.
Competition: Quark introduces XPosure image-editing software at the Seybold Seminars in Boston. Developed in conjunction with Japanese electronics giant JVC, the product boasts a nondestructive filter featuring "lenses"... but it never ships.
Release: Photoshop 4.0 (code-named Big Electric cat) ships with nondestructive adjustment layers, Actions, macros, grids, guides, the Free Transform tool, and a radically redesigned user interface. Photoshop 4.0 LE (Limited Edition) is bundled with a wide range of image scanners.
Competition: Macromedia ships its xRes image editor, which also features nondestructive image editing. Although it soon became another footnote in image editing hisotry, you can still see a bit of its DNA in Adobe Fireworks.
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January 04, 2011 at 1:23am
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helgathom
October 18, 2010 at 7:02am
It's fun to look back and see how far we've come, isn't it Photoshop? I can remember the first time I used it back in the old days and it seems funny now! A really great corporate blogging book mentioned how Photoshop has become standard for businesses, colleges, and universities. Too bad it's so expensive!
webdesign
June 10, 2010 at 1:33pm
Just amazing what you can do with photoshop. Using it on a daily basis for webdesign and sometimes you almost shock yourself when you start out with a picture and then look at the final result after a little photoshop stuff.
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April 23, 2010 at 4:28am
image editing software, Photoshop, a great deal and they got no competition in the market. That tells how powerful it is. Canon Copier Machine Mumbai, India
ShelenaEDLER
April 21, 2010 at 8:44pm
For the past 20 years, Adobe has improved their powerful image editing software, Photoshop, a great deal and they got no competition in the market. That tells how powerful it is.
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April 21, 2010 at 5:50am
Still it is hard to imagine some of the advanced features provided in Photoshop. Designers have done wonders with those adobe tools.
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April 19, 2010 at 7:59pm
Adobe Photoshop has become the premier image editing software used by many professionals through out the world purely because the capabilities offered by it.
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PennyBIBEE
April 17, 2010 at 10:26am
Image editing has gone to a new era with the arrival of the Adobe software such as Photoshop. All of those are great productions including so many different type of applications.
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As far as I see, Adobe photoshop is a revolutionary piece of software which changed the dimensions of the image and photo editing.
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April 15, 2010 at 7:59pm
After the arrival of Adobe Photoshop, designers have done wonders in image and photo editing. Still it is hard to believe some of the creations made. Truly it's amazing.
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April 07, 2010 at 10:01am
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The software was discontinued in the late 90's.
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April 06, 2010 at 7:07pm
This article has shown the evolution of Adobe photoshop which is the premier photo editing tool used among most of the designers. It is a sophisticated and easy to use tool.
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February 25, 2010 at 12:24am
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dbiedny
February 24, 2010 at 11:41am
The history of Photoshop is preceded by a long line of software tools including Letraset's ColorStudio, the original ImageStudio (grayscale editor), Digital Darkroom (from Silicon Beach Software), SuperMac's PixelPaint, Electronic Art's Studio/32 (not to mention Studio/8 and the insanely cool little Studio/1), along with a host of other long-forgotten players. I was a consultant for Letraset, and even came up with the original concept of the Shapes vector layer which made it into ColorStudio. Letraset discontinued it not long after Photoshop was released, which is why I left it out of the article. This wasn't meant to be an all-inclusive historical record of Mac-based imaging software, that would be a considerably longer piece - like those two noxious Spam entries preceeding this comment...
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Carmine5
February 19, 2010 at 12:21pm
One significant competitor to Photoshop not mentioned in this piece was Letraset's (actually Fractal Design's) ColorStudio. The program had CMYK editing, scanner support and a single layer vector mask feature long before similar features appeared in Photoshop. The pre-press community loved ColorStudio. But cost, poor marketing and a somewhat arcane interface hindered it from achieving wide-spread use among consumers. The software was discontinued in the late 90's.
MacMan22
November 15, 2010 at 1:01pm
In my humble opinion, Photoshop is the superior software for digital photo editing capabilities. I once utilized Photoshop to change a photo of a flatbed trailer to look like a flat section of trailer, without any wheels. It was quite the performance, and could only have been done on Photoshop.
