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If Charter is using DHCP (you don't have fixed IP addresses) then it won't be possible to grab the files while at school, since you would never know the IP address of your home computer. If Charter is using fixed IP addresses, then you simply have to enable ftp access on your home computer.

I do recall that there are services which can enable you to mimic a fixed IP address but I have had no personal experience with those.

Could you transfer the files before you went to school?

I believe they are using DHCP... but my IP has remained constant for the past few days. I'll try enabling FTP and see how it goes. Would I just connect to "ftp://IPaddress" on the school computer? It would probably be easier to transer the files before I left the house, but the school computers are shut down every night.

Also, one more thing... My main computer is connected to a Linksys router. I used DMZ to allow my friends to join a game of Unreal Tournament, so would I also have to use DMZ to use file sharing?

We'll i'm just about to get charter pipeline too, and my friends are still gonna be on 56k for a while so what we decided to do is hook up one of their old 7100's to my cable and turn filesharing on, and use that as a file server of sorts. 

If I do remember correctly, charter does infact have a constant IP, so you should be able to use file sharing or ftp.  It doesn't really matter.

While DMZ isn't necessary, it would make things easier. The downside is that it would also be less secure. You should probably try mapping ports 20 and 21 (the ports FTP uses) to the machine to which you are trying to FTP. If you decide to go with Apple File Sharing instead, open up UDP and TCP ports 548 and have the Linksys forward them to your machine.

As you asked, you can FTP from the school computer to ftp://your.ip.address/ in order to log on to your computer via FTP.

DynDNS has no advantage over FTP. It is something to use with FTP (or other services on your computer). it merely gives you a consistent address to which you can connect even when DHCP changes your IP. For example, it would make it possible for mrbinary.dyndns.org to always point to your machine...thus taking away the need to check the IP address before you leave home every time.

just wanted to say that while ftp will work, it transmits your password in cleartext.  as such, when you ftp to your machine from school, anyone monitoring traffic on your network can sniff the password.  this will give them at least ftp access to your machine, but more importantly, it leaves you open to a more serious attack via other services that you might have running (such as remote login).  although the potential for someone monitoring your network in order to cause trouble is probably low, i'd stay away from ftp.  stick with ssh or apple filesharing.